I offer this as the last entry in National Adoption Awareness Month (NAAM)- adoption failures and breakdown do happen - read about it:
Post-adoption
depression
By ADRIANA BARTON
VANCOUVER —
From Tuesday’s Globe and Mail, Tuesday,
Jun. 09, 2009
The minute she laid eyes on
her adopted son, a seven-month-old Guatemalan boy, Michelle Brau knew something
was wrong, she says. Instead of joy, she felt dread. Instead of wanting to comfort the
infant, she found herself not wanting him at all.
The negative emotions
blindsided her, Ms. Brau says. She and her
husband, Jim, had yearned to adopt
and add to their family of four
biological kids.
“I love children,” says Ms.
Brau, who lives in Springville,
Utah.
But she couldn’t bring herself to love her healthy new son, nor a second boy,
aged 2, whom the couple adopted from Guatemala months later.
Ms. Brau says she assumed her
affection for them would grow with time. For more than five years, however, she
avoided their hugs and was more strict with them than with her other children,
she recalls.
Consumed by guilt and shame,
she told no one about her inability to
bond with the adopted boys.
“I felt like a monster,” she
says. “I longed to be dead.”
When she finally confided in
her husband six months ago, he did some research online and concluded she had
post-adoption depression, a condition being studied by researchers but not yet
recognized as a psychiatric disorder.
According to adoption
professionals, post-adoption depression can
range in severity from a few weeks of the blues to a major depression that
lasts months or longer. Like postpartum depression, it may bring intense
feelings of anxiety and guilt, fantasies of running away, and suicidal
thoughts.
Ms. Brau consulted two
therapists, she says, but her feelings of
desperation did not change.
So this spring - nearly six
years after they adopted the Guatemalan
children - the Braus contacted an agency to find them a new adoptive home.
“These boys deserve so much
more than I can give them,” Ms. Brau says, adding that her depression has
lifted since the adoption was dissolved last month. “I feel like me again.”
The Braus’ case may be extreme
but the potential consequences of post-adoption depression are recognized by a
growing number of adoption professionals.
Left untreated, it can lead to
the breakdown of the adoption, says
Brenda McCreight, an adoption counsellor in Nanaimo, B.C. “I’ve seen it break up
marriages too.”
Post-adoption depression didn’t
have a name until 15 years ago, and it remains a new area of research. Early
studies suggest it’s “as
prevalent, or more so, than postpartum depression,” says Karen Foli, who
co-authored The Post-Adoption Blues with her husband John
Thompson, a child psychiatrist.
A study published last month
in the peer-reviewed Journal of
Affective Disorders found the rate of depression in women after adoption was
about 15 percent - the same rate found in women who have given birth.
Dr. Foli, a professor of
nursing at Purdue
University in West Lafayette,
Ind., is partway through a study
to assess whether the tools used to
diagnose postpartum depression are valid to screen for post-adoption depression. Unlike mothers with postpartum
depression, who have a biological explanation for their bleak mood, adoptive
mothers cannot attribute their depression to a sudden drop in estrogen levels
(although some researchers suggest that nurturing an adopted child may trigger
hormonal changes).
“We desperately need to
understand it more,” she says.
The syndrome appears to be
more common in women than in men, Dr. Foli says, since women tend to be the
primary caregivers. Stress, sleep deprivation, lack of social support and a history of depression can put women at
greater risk for post-adoption depression, according to experts in the field.
Also, many adoptive mothers
have no parenting experience, notes Sandra Scarth, president of the Adoption
Council of Canada. For a career woman who has enjoyed years of freedom, the
demands of parenting can be a shock, especially if the child isn’t attaching to
her well.
“Suddenly she’s home all day
with a child who really doesn’t like her
very much,” Ms. Scarth explains.
When depression strikes, adoptive
mothers are often secretive about it. They feel pressure from family and
friends to rejoice in the child they brought home after years of waiting, often
at huge expense.
Most are reluctant to seek
help from social workers, fearing the child may be taken away - an unlikely
event, according to Dr. McCreight.
Nevertheless, an estimated 11
to 18 per cent of adoptions break down for various reasons during the
probationary period (usually at least six months), according to American
researchers, and about 2 per cent of adoptive families cannot cope after the
adoption is finalized. In both cases, the child returns to child-welfare
authorities and may be readopted.
As awareness of post-adoption
depression grows, some agencies are
addressing the syndrome in their pre-adoption training sessions. But
people who long for children tend to believe it won’t happen to them, says Dr.
McCreight, who has adopted 12 times.
“We think we’re going to be
the most wonderful parents and we’re going to form a family identity with no
problem - and that’s not going to happen.”
The expectation of “falling in
love” with a child at first sight may
be unrealistic, according to Dr. Foli, since most relationships take
time to blossom and mature.
But the guilt of not bonding
with a child immediately can be “overwhelming,” says Dr. Foli, who coped with
depression after she adopted her daughter from India about 10 years ago.
For Dina Rodrigues,
post-adoption guilt cut deep. She sank into melancholy and began to feel “really
run down” a month after she brought her 11-month-old daughter, Sierra, home
from China,
she says.
Ms. Rodrigues had no problem
caring for her daughter’s physical needs, she recalls, but she worried she wasn’t
connecting with her emotionally.
“It’s like you have this
amazing, wonderful child and you can’t really
enjoy them,” says Ms. Rodrigues, who lives in a suburb of Detroit.
Her anxiety intensified when
her husband, Ashok, bonded with Sierra easily. “I just felt there was something
wrong with me,” she says.
Having suffered from
depression earlier in life, Ms. Rodrigues says,
she recognized the signs. Five months after the adoption, she saw a therapist
and started taking anti-depressants “for my daughter’s sake.”
When a parent gets depressed,
it doesn’t mean the adoption has failed, says Dr. McCreight. “It just means
that you should get help, get it fixed and move on as a family.”
Major depression requires
prescription medication, she says. As well, a post-adoption counsellor can help
parents find ways to get child care and emotional support.
After Ms. Rodrigues began
treatment, her daughter fell ill with a
stomach virus and wanted to be held by her day and night. The event marked a
turning point in their relationship, Ms. Rodrigues says.
“I was able to be emotionally
there for her, and I think she saw that.”
That was two years ago, she
adds, and they’ve had a close connection ever since.
***
Warning signs: Experts say post-adoption
depression shares symptoms with postpartum depression:
Feeling sad, tearful, irritable
Self-imposed isolation from family, friends, spouse
Anger at the adopted child, spouse or other children for no apparent reason
Desire to leave home or have the adopted child removed
Loss of interest or pleasure in most activities
Significant changes in appetite and sex drive
Insomnia or a marked increase in sleep
Fatigue, lack of energy
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Thoughts of suicide